Because of its indeterminate economic position between many contending classes, the petty-bourgoisie develops a vacillating psychological make-up… It can be swept to revolutionary activity by the masses at a time of revolutionary tide; or be driven to silence, fear, cynicism, withdrawal into self-contemplation, existential anguish, or to collaboration with the powers-that-be at times of reactionary tides… This very lack of identity in its psychological make-up as a class was reflected in the very literature it produced… In literature as in politics it spoke as if its identity or the crisis of its own identity was that of the society as a whole.